Turso

Turso ↗ is an edge-hosted, distributed database based on libSQL ↗, an open-source fork of SQLite. Turso was designed to minimize query latency for applications where queries comes from anywhere in the world.

To set up an integration with Turso:

1. You need to install Turso CLI to create and populate a database. Use one of the following two commands in your terminal to install the Turso CLI:

   # On macOS and linux with homebrew
   brew install tursodatabase/tap/turso
   
   # Manual scripted installation
   curl -sSfL https://get.tur.so/install.sh | bash

   Next, run the following command to make sure the Turso CLI is installed:

   turso --version

2. Before you create your first Turso database, you have to authenticate with your GitHub account by running:

   turso auth login

   Waiting for authentication...
   ✔  Success! Logged in as <YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME>

   After you have authenticated, you can create a database using the command turso db create <DATABASE_NAME>. Turso will create a database and automatically choose a location closest to you.

   turso db create my-db

   
   # Example:
   Creating database my-db in Amsterdam, Netherlands (ams)
   
   # Once succeeded:
   Created database my-db in Amsterdam, Netherlands (ams) in 13 seconds.

   With the first database created, you can now connect to it directly and execute SQL queries against it.

   turso db shell my-db

3. Copy the following SQL query into the shell you just opened:

   CREATE TABLE elements (
     id INTEGER NOT NULL,
     elementName TEXT NOT NULL,
     atomicNumber INTEGER NOT NULL,
     symbol TEXT NOT NULL
   );
   
   INSERT INTO elements (id, elementName, atomicNumber, symbol)
   VALUES (1, 'Hydrogen', 1, 'H'),
     (2, 'Helium', 2, 'He'),
     (3, 'Lithium', 3, 'Li'),
     (4, 'Beryllium', 4, 'Be'),
     (5, 'Boron', 5, 'B'),
     (6, 'Carbon', 6, 'C'),
     (7, 'Nitrogen', 7, 'N'),
     (8, 'Oxygen', 8, 'O'),
     (9, 'Fluorine', 9, 'F'),
     (10, 'Neon', 10, 'Ne');

4. Configure the Turso database credentials in your Worker:

   You need to add your Turso database URL and authentication token as secrets to your Worker. First, get your database URL and create an authentication token:

   # Get your database URL
   turso db show my-db --url
   
   # Create an authentication token
   turso db tokens create my-db

   Then add these as secrets to your Worker using Wrangler:

   # Add the database URL as a secret
   npx wrangler secret put TURSO_URL
   # When prompted, paste your database URL
   
   # Add the authentication token as a secret  
   npx wrangler secret put TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN
   # When prompted, paste your authentication token

5. In your Worker, install the Turso client library:

   npm yarn pnpm bun

   
   								
   									
   									npm
   									 i @libsql/client
   								
   							

6. The following example shows how to make a query to your Turso database in a Worker. The credentials needed to connect to Turso have been added as secrets to your Worker.

   import { Client as LibsqlClient, createClient } from "@libsql/client/web";
   
   export interface Env {
   	TURSO_URL?: string;
   	TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN?: string;
   }
   
   export default {
   	async fetch(request, env, ctx): Promise<Response> {
   		const client = buildLibsqlClient(env);
   
   		try {
   			const res = await client.execute("SELECT * FROM elements");
   			return new Response(JSON.stringify(res), {
   				status: 200,
   				headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
   			});
   		} catch (error) {
   			console.error("Error executing SQL query:", error);
   			return new Response(
   				JSON.stringify({ error: "Internal Server Error" }),
   				{
   					status: 500,
   				},
   			);
   		}
   	},
   } satisfies ExportedHandler<Env>;
   
   function buildLibsqlClient(env: Env): LibsqlClient {
   	const url = env.TURSO_URL?.trim();
   	if (url === undefined) {
   		throw new Error("TURSO_URL env var is not defined");
   	}
   
   	const authToken = env.TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN?.trim();
   	if (authToken == undefined) {
   		throw new Error("TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN env var is not defined");
   	}
   
   	return createClient({ url, authToken });
   }

   • The libSQL client library import @libsql/client/web must be imported exactly as shown when working with Cloudflare Workers. The non-web import will not work in the Workers environment.
   • The Env interface contains the environment variable and secret defined when you added the Turso integration in step 4.
   • The Env interface also caches the libSQL client object and router, which was created on the first request to the Worker.
   • The Worker uses buildLibsqlClient to query the elements database and returns the response as a JSON object.

With your environment configured and your code ready, you can now test your Worker locally before you deploy.

To learn more about Turso, refer to Turso's official documentation ↗.