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Ansible

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Ansible is a software tool that enables at scale management of infrastructure. Ansible is agentless — all it needs to function is the ability to SSH to the target and Python installed on the target.

Ansible works alongside Terraform to streamline the Cloudflare Tunnel setup process. In this guide, you will use Terraform to deploy an SSH server on Google Cloud and create a locally-managed tunnel that makes the server available over the Internet. Terraform will automatically run an Ansible playbook that installs and configures cloudflared on the server.

Prerequisites

To complete the steps in this guide, you will need:

1. Install Ansible

Refer to the Ansible installation instructions ↗.

2. (Optional) Create an SSH key pair

Terraform and Ansible require an unencrypted SSH key to connect to the GCP server. If you do not already have a key, you can generate one as follows:

  1. Open a terminal and type the following command:

    ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/gcp_ssh -C <username in GCP>

  2. When prompted for a passphrase, press the Enter key twice to leave it blank. Terraform cannot decode encrypted private keys.

Two files will be generated: gcp_ssh which contains the private key, and gcp_ssh.pub which contains the public key.

3. Create a configuration directory

  1. Create a folder for your Terraform and Ansible configuration files:

    mkdir ansible-tunnel

  2. Change to the new directory:

    cd ansible-tunnel

4. Create Terraform configuration files

Define input variables

The following variables will be passed into your GCP and Cloudflare configuration.

  1. In your configuration directory, create a .tf file:

    touch variables.tf

  2. Open the file in a text editor and copy and paste the following:

    # GCP variables
variable "gcp_project_id" {
  description = "Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project ID"
  type        = string
}

variable "zone" {
  description = "Geographical zone for the GCP VM instance"
  type        = string
}

variable "machine_type" {
  description = "Machine type for the GCP VM instance"
  type        = string
}

# Cloudflare variables
variable "cloudflare_zone" {
  description = "Domain used to expose the GCP VM instance to the Internet"
  type        = string
}

variable "cloudflare_zone_id" {
  description = "Zone ID for your domain"
  type        = string
}

variable "cloudflare_account_id" {
  description = "Account ID for your Cloudflare account"
  type        = string
  sensitive   = true
}

variable "cloudflare_email" {
  description = "Email address for your Cloudflare account"
  type        = string
  sensitive   = true
}

variable "cloudflare_token" {
  description = "Cloudflare API token"
  type        = string
  sensitive   = true
}

Assign values to the variables

  1. In your configuration directory, create a .tfvars file:

    touch terraform.tfvars

    Terraform will automatically use these variables if the file is named terraform.tfvars, otherwise the variable file will need to be manually passed in.

  2. Add the following variables to terraform.tfvars. Be sure to modify the example with your own values.

    cloudflare_zone           = "example.com"
cloudflare_zone_id        = "023e105f4ecef8ad9ca31a8372d0c353"
cloudflare_account_id     = "372e67954025e0ba6aaa6d586b9e0b59"
cloudflare_email          = "user@example.com"
cloudflare_token          = "y3AalHS_E7Vabk3c3lX950F90_Xl7YtjSlzyFn_X"
gcp_project_id            = "testvm-123"
zone                      = "us-central1-a"
machine_type              = "e2-medium"

Configure Terraform providers

You will need to declare the providers ↗ used to provision the infrastructure.

  1. In your configuration directory, create a .tf file:

    touch providers.tf

  2. Add the following providers to providers.tf. The random provider is used to generate a tunnel secret.

    terraform {
	required_providers {
		cloudflare = {
			source = "cloudflare/cloudflare"
			version = ">= 5.8.2"
		}
		google = {
			source = "hashicorp/google"
		}
	}
	required_version = ">= 1.2"
}

# Providers
provider "cloudflare" {
	api_token    = var.cloudflare_token
}
provider "google" {
	project    = var.gcp_project_id
}
provider "random" {
}

Configure Cloudflare resources

The following configuration will modify settings in your Cloudflare account.

  1. In your configuration directory, create a .tf file:

    touch Cloudflare-config.tf

  2. Add the following resources to Cloudflare-config.tf:

    
# Creates a new remotely-managed tunnel for the GCP VM.
resource "cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared" "gcp_tunnel" {
	account_id    = var.cloudflare_account_id
	name          = "Ansible GCP tunnel"
	config_src    = "cloudflare"
}

# Reads the token used to run the tunnel on the server.
data "cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared_token" "gcp_tunnel_token" {
	account_id 	= var.cloudflare_account_id
	tunnel_id 	= cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared.gcp_tunnel.id
}

# Creates the CNAME record that routes http_app.${var.cloudflare_zone} to the tunnel.
resource "cloudflare_dns_record" "http_app" {
	zone_id = var.cloudflare_zone_id
	name    = "http_app"
	content = "${cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared.gcp_tunnel.id}.cfargotunnel.com"
	type    = "CNAME"
	ttl     = 1
	proxied = true
}

# Configures tunnel with a published application for clientless access.
resource "cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared_config" "gcp_tunnel_config" {
	tunnel_id  = cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared.gcp_tunnel.id
	account_id = var.cloudflare_account_id
	config     = {
		ingress 	= [
			{
				hostname = "http_app.${var.cloudflare_zone}"
				service  = "http://localhost:80"
			},
			{
				service  = "http_status:404"
			}
		]
	}
}

Configure GCP resources

The following configuration defines the specifications for the GCP virtual machine and installs Python3 on the machine. Python3 allows Ansible to configure the GCP instance instead of having to run a startup script on boot.

  1. In your configuration directory, create a .tf file:

    touch GCP-config.tf

  2. Open the file in a text editor and copy and paste the following example. Be sure to insert your own GCP username and SSH key pair.

    # Selects the OS for the GCP VM.
data "google_compute_image" "image" {
family  = "ubuntu-2204-lts"
project = "ubuntu-os-cloud"
}

# Sets up a GCP VM instance.
resource "google_compute_instance" "http_server" {
name         = "ansible-inst"
machine_type = var.machine_type
zone         = var.zone
tags         = []
boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
    image = data.google_compute_image.image.self_link
    }
}
network_interface {
    network = "default"
    access_config {
    // Ephemeral IP
    }
}
scheduling {
    preemptible = true
    automatic_restart = false
}

// Installs Python3 on the VM.
provisioner "remote-exec" {
    inline = [
    "sudo apt update", "sudo apt install python3 -y",  "echo Done!"
    ]
    connection {
    host = self.network_interface.0.access_config.0.nat_ip
    user = "<username in GCP>"
    type = "ssh"
    private_key= file("<path to private key>")
    }
}
provisioner "local-exec" {
    // If specifying an SSH key and user, add `--private-key <path to private key> -u var.name`
    command = "ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False ansible-playbook -u <username in GCP> --private-key <path to private key> -i ${self.network_interface.0.access_config.0.nat_ip}, playbook.yml"
}

metadata = {
    cf-email     = var.cloudflare_email
    cf-zone      = var.cloudflare_zone
    ssh-keys     = "<username in GCP>:${file("<path to public key>")}"
}
depends_on = [
    local_file.tf_ansible_vars_file
]
}

Export variables to Ansible

The following Terraform resource exports the tunnel token and other variables to tf_ansible_vars_file.yml. Ansible will use the tunnel token to configure and run cloudflared on the server.

  1. In your configuration directory, create a new tf file:

    touch export.tf

  2. Copy and paste the following content into export.tf:

    resource "local_file" "tf_ansible_vars_file" {
	content = <<-DOC
		# Ansible vars_file containing variable values from Terraform.
		tunnel_id: ${cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared.gcp_tunnel.id}
		tunnel_name: ${cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared.gcp_tunnel.name}
		tunnel_token: ${data.cloudflare_zero_trust_tunnel_cloudflared_token.gcp_tunnel_token.token}
		DOC

	filename = "./tf_ansible_vars_file.yml"
}

5. Create the Ansible playbook

Ansible playbooks are YAML files that declare the configuration Ansible will deploy.

  1. Create a new .yml file:

    touch playbook.yml

  2. Open the file in a text editor and copy and paste the following content:

---
- hosts: all
  become: yes
  # Import tunnel variables into the VM.
  vars_files:
    - ./tf_ansible_vars_file.yml
  # Execute the following commands on the VM.
  tasks:
    - name: Download the cloudflared Linux package.
      shell: wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflared/releases/latest/download/cloudflared-linux-amd64.deb
    - name: Depackage cloudflared.
      shell: sudo dpkg -i cloudflared-linux-amd64.deb
    - name: Install the tunnel as a systemd service.
      shell: "cloudflared service install {{ tunnel_token }}"
    - name: Start the tunnel.
      systemd:
        name: cloudflared
        state: started
        enabled: true
        masked: no
    - name: Deploy an example Apache web server on port 80.
      shell: apt update && apt -y install apache2
    - name: Edit the default Apache index file.
      copy:
        dest: /var/www/html/index.html
        content: |
          <!DOCTYPE html>
          <html>
          <body>
            <h1>Hello Cloudflare!</h1>
            <p>This page was created for a Cloudflare demo.</p>
          </body>
          </html>

Keywords ↗ define how Ansible will execute the configuration. In the example above, the vars_files keyword specifies where variable definitions are stored, and the tasks keyword specifies the actions Ansible will perform.

Modules ↗ specify what tasks to complete. In this example, the copy module creates a file and populates it with content.

6. Deploy the configuration

Once you have created the configuration files, you can deploy them through Terraform. The Ansible deployment happens within the Terraform deployment when the ansible-playbook command is run.

  1. Initialize your configuration directory:

    terraform init

  2. (Optional) Preview everything that will be created:

    terraform plan

  3. Deploy the configuration:

    terraform apply
It may take several minutes for the GCP instance and tunnel to come online. You can view your new tunnel in the Cloudflare dashboard under Networking > Tunnels.

7. Test the connection

To test, open a browser and go to http://http_app.<CLOUDFLARE_ZONE>.com (for example, http_app.example.com). You should see the Hello Cloudflare! test page.